Notably, the majority of previous original research articles and review articles have focused on investigating roles of high order cerebral functions (e.g. Thus, it is clinically and scientifically significant to pinpoint the neural mechanisms underlying auditory and visual hallucinations in schizophrenia.Īfter decades of research, scientists have gained valuable insight into the pathological mechanisms that drive the core features of visual and auditory perceptions in patients with schizophrenia. The perceptions formed based on experiencing unreal things are usually instructive and endangering behaviors. Indeed, hallucinations are among the most common symptoms of schizophrenia across all cultures worldwide. In addition, auditory and visual hallucinations are more prevalent in schizophrenia than other neuropsychological disorders, such as bipolar disorder. Patients who suffer from schizophrenia have a higher prevalence of visual and auditory impairments. Schizophrenia is a devastating neuropsychiatric disorder that usually strikes during late adolescence or early adulthood. Our findings from this review offer unique insights into the distinct underlying neural mechanisms of schizophrenia, which may help develop tailored preventive and therapeutic interventions in the future. Furthermore, we discussed the directions for future studies. Our findings suggest that early visual and auditory processing deficits may occur before the onset of the initial psychotic episode, including hallucinations, and the full manifestation of schizophrenia. In addition, disrupted visual and auditory projections from the pulvinar to the visual and auditory cortices could be shared pathways in relation to visual disturbances and auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. We proposed that the pulvinar may play a critical role. In this review article, we performed a literature search of studies that assessed visual and auditory processing impairments, along with their relationship to visual disturbances and auditory hallucinations, in schizophrenia. In recent years, neuroimaging technologies have empowered researchers to investigate the underlying neural mechanisms. Despite decades of research, the common neural mechanisms underlying hallucinations remain largely unknown. However, visual and auditory impairments are associated with hallucinations, which is characteristic of schizophrenia across all cultures. In recent review articles, the perceptual deficits of visual and auditory sensory processing have been downplayed. Patients with schizophrenia have a high prevalence of visual disturbances, commonly accompanied by auditory impairments. Schizophrenia is a complex and devastating neuropsychiatric disorder with an unknown etiology.
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